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Dental implants are now increasingly used to attach crowns, bridges or dentures by anchorage to bone. Despite its benefits, placement of implants requires careful patient selection and treatment planning to ensure long-term success of implants. Continue reading
Hemoglobin is the protein found in red blood cells in our blood that is responsible for carrying oxygen to all the different parts of out body. Hemoglobin is made up of 4 protein chains, ie 2 beta globin and 2 alpha globin. Thalassemia occurs when there is decrease in production or absence of production of either of these chains, leading to malfunctioning hemoglobins that are unable to carry oxygen. This then leads to anemia.
Thalassemia is thus classified by the type of globin that is affected: either alpha thalassemia or beta thalassemia, and each is classified according to the severity of which one is affected, ie either thalassemia major or thalassemia minor. People with thalassemia minor, either alpha or beta, may not have any symptoms. Continue reading
A stroke, also called cerebrovascular accident (CVA), is a condition whereby the blood supply to the brain is blocked leading to lack of oxygen supply to the brain cells. Brain cells can die when the oxygen supply is cut off for even a few seconds. This leads to loss of function of parts of the body controlled by that region of the brain. If the right side of the brain is affected, the left part of the body will be affected and vice versa.
There are two types of stroke based on their etiology:
Hemorrhagic stroke
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Sometimes you may hear the term ‘biopsy’ when investigations are required for certain lesions in the mouth. Biopsy sounds like a scary procedure that brings the word ‘cancer’ to mind but in fact it is just an aid for diagnostic purposes. Continue reading
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Advanced periodontal or gum disease usually cause loose or painful teeth. If many of your teeth have become loose or painful, it may be too late for to save them. In such a situation, removing some of your teeth and replacing them with an overdenture may be the best way to avoid infection and restore function and health to your mouth. Continue reading
Continued from Part 4
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Individuals with oral cancer often present too late for cure and some may not benefit from treatment. Three treatment options are possible:
If cure is attempted, the highest chances of success are given by multimodality treatment – a combination of surgery, radiotherapy, and more rarely, chemotherapy. The most aggressive treatment that the individual is able to withstand will be recommended because if the first round of treatment fails, the chances of survival are much reduced. Continue reading
Continued from Part 3
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Investigations are done to see the extent of cancer and to confirm the diagnosis. The following investigations may be indicated:
Continued from Part 2
candidal leukoplakia in a person who smokes heavily © powerbasetx.org
This is often associated with speckled leukoplakias and such lesions are particularly prone to undergo cancerous transformation, though the role of candidal or yeast infection in malignant transformation must be regarded as uncertain. Continue reading
Continued from Part 1
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Paan chewing is one of the most widespread habits in the world and is practiced by over 200 million people worldwide. It is particularly common in South-East Asia and the Indian subcontinent and is also prevalent within these ethnic communities in parts of the USA. The composition of the quid varies but basically consists of betel nut and slaked lime wrapped in a betel leaf to which tobacco and various spices are often added. The quid is usually placed in the cheek pockets and is frequently kept in the mouth for a long time. As the quid is chewed, alkaloids are released from the nut and the tobacco which are said to aid digestion and to produce a slight euphoric effect. The habit is more common in women than in men, and although the frequency of use increases with age the habit often starts in childhood. Continue reading
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Oral cancer is the sixth most common cancer reported worldwide. Oral cancer affects twice as many men as in women. For every 100,000 people, 6.3 males and 3.2 females are likely to develop mouth cancer. However this difference is less than it has been in the past, partly due to changes in smoking habits. Continue reading